Chapter 7 of Class 11 Political Science explores Nationalism, a topic that deeply influences politics, society, and identity. This chapter explains what nationalism means, how it developed in different parts of the world, and the forms it has taken throughout history. It covers how nationalism became a major political idea during the 18th and 19th centuries, especially in Europe and Asia, and how it shaped modern states and revolutions. The chapter also discusses the tension between nationalism and internationalism and how the idea of the nation can unite or divide people.
I’m writing on this topic because nationalism is not just theory, it’s all around us—whether it’s in political speeches, freedom movements, or even cricket matches. Understanding how nationalism works helps students think critically about national pride and national interest. Many students confuse nationalism with patriotism or see it only in terms of India’s independence movement. But this chapter helps break that down. It shows how the same idea can be used to unite people or to exclude others. At a time when nationalism is used in public debates and media headlines every day, reading this chapter helps you understand the roots and limits of the concept clearly and responsibly.
What Is Nationalism?
Nationalism is the belief that people who share a common culture, language, history, and territory should live together under one nation-state. It’s an emotional and political idea that creates a bond among people and gives them a shared identity.
Key points from the chapter:
- Nationalism can promote unity but also lead to exclusion
- It can be liberal, cultural, aggressive, or anti-colonial
- It played a key role in revolutions and the making of new countries
- It has both positive and negative sides depending on how it is used
Historical Background
The idea of nationalism started taking shape after the French Revolution (1789). Before that, people were more connected to kings or local rulers. But the French Revolution introduced the idea of popular rule and the modern nation-state.
Major developments:
- Europe: In the 19th century, countries like Germany and Italy were unified under nationalist movements
- Asia and Africa: Nationalism became a tool to fight colonialism
- India: Nationalism inspired the freedom struggle against British rule
Different Types of Nationalism
| Type of Nationalism | Description | Example |
|---|---|---|
| Liberal Nationalism | Based on liberty, equality, democracy | Early European nationalism (France, Germany) |
| Ethnic Nationalism | Based on shared race, culture, or religion | Nazi Germany or Serb nationalism |
| Civic Nationalism | Based on shared laws and civic values | American and French nationalism |
| Anti-Colonial Nationalism | Fought against foreign rule | Indian freedom movement |
Each type can be used to bring people together or to justify violence, depending on how it is applied.
Download NCERT Class 11 Political Science Chapter 7 PDF
You can download the full Chapter 7 PDF from the official NCERT website. It’s useful for board exam prep and also for understanding current political debates.
Click here to download the NCERT Class 11 Political Science Chapter 7 PDF
