NCERT Class 12 Mathematics Chapter 1, Relations and Functions, is one of the most important topics in the Class 12 syllabus. This chapter lays the foundation for many other topics in calculus, algebra, and logic. Students often struggle with concepts like types of relations, domain and range, and different kinds of functions. To help with that, the NCERT textbook provides a clear explanation along with solved examples and exercises. If you’re looking to download the Chapter 1 PDF of NCERT Class 12 Maths, you’re in the right place.
I’m writing this article because I remember how confusing this chapter felt when I was preparing for boards. Most of us used to get stuck in proving functions and figuring out equivalence relations. Whether you’re in CBSE or preparing for competitive exams like JEE Main, this chapter is a must-master. Having the NCERT PDF handy makes it easier to revise important definitions, formulas, and examples without flipping through multiple pages. Also, teachers often set direct questions from this chapter, so going through the NCERT book line-by-line really helps in scoring well. Let me help you understand what this chapter covers and how you can download the PDF easily.
What Is Covered in NCERT Class 12 Maths Chapter 1?
Chapter 1 of the NCERT Maths book deals with the following key topics:
- Types of Relations
Reflexive, symmetric, transitive, and equivalence relations are explained with examples. - Functions
One-one, onto, into, and bijective functions with real-life illustrations. - Composition of Functions
How functions can be combined and their properties. - Invertible Functions
Understanding inverse of a function and its conditions. - Binary Operations
Basics of binary operations and how they relate to sets and functions.
All concepts are explained in a simple manner. The NCERT exercises include solved examples and a variety of practice questions that match CBSE board standards.
Example:
If A = {1, 2, 3} and B = {x, y}, how many functions from A to B are possible?
Answer: Each element of A has 2 choices in B. So, total functions = 2³ = 8.
This type of question helps build basic understanding before moving to abstract concepts like inverse and composite functions.
Why Is This Chapter Important?
- It’s the base for calculus chapters like Inverse Trigonometric Functions and Continuity and Differentiability
- Often used in real-world data handling and logic-based programming
- Scoring chapter for CBSE board and JEE aspirants
- Builds a strong understanding of how inputs and outputs in mathematics are linked
Many students lose marks by ignoring the definitions or skipping examples. But if you follow the NCERT line-by-line and attempt all questions, you’ll find this chapter much more manageable.
