The third chapter of the NCERT Class 10 Sanskrit Vyakaranavithi book is titled ‘Sandhi’ (सन्धि). This chapter is one of the most important parts of Sanskrit grammar, as it explains how sounds or letters change when two words or parts of a word come together. In simple terms, Sandhi means “joining” or “combination,” and it plays a major role in reading and understanding Sanskrit correctly. Students can easily download the official NCERT Class 10 Sanskrit Chapter 3 PDF and study all the rules and examples provided by NCERT for their board preparation.
I’m writing this article because Sandhi is often seen as a tricky topic by students, even though it forms the backbone of Sanskrit pronunciation and grammar. When words are combined, their sounds change in specific ways, and these changes can completely alter meaning. Understanding these rules not only helps in reading Sanskrit texts fluently but also in writing answers correctly in exams. Through this post, I want to simplify Sandhi for students and guide them on how to access the correct NCERT PDF for structured study.
About NCERT Class 10 Sanskrit Vyakaranavithi
The Vyakaranavithi book is designed by NCERT to help Class 10 students build a clear and practical understanding of Sanskrit grammar. Each chapter introduces a key concept systematically — beginning with Varna Vichar (letters and sounds), followed by Sangya Evam Paribhasha, and now Sandhi, which connects both pronunciation and word formation.
This chapter is essential for students appearing for CBSE and other state board exams because Sandhi is a common question topic in both objective and descriptive sections.
What is Sandhi in Sanskrit?
The word Sandhi literally means “union” or “joining.” In grammar, Sandhi refers to the change that happens at the junction of two letters or words when spoken together. Sanskrit being a phonetic language, the sounds naturally merge or transform according to pronunciation rules.
Types of Sandhi
The Sandhi chapter in Vyakaranavithi divides these combinations into three main types:
| Type of Sandhi | Description | Example |
|---|---|---|
| Swar Sandhi (Vowel combination) | When two vowels meet, they combine to form a new sound | अ + इ = ए (राम + इश्वरः → रामेश्वरः) |
| Vyanjan Sandhi (Consonant combination) | When a consonant and another letter come together, the sound slightly changes | तत् + जनः → तज्जनः |
| Visarga Sandhi | When words ending in ‘ः’ join with another letter, the ‘Visarga’ changes according to specific rules | रामः + इति → राम इति |
Each type has its own sub-rules which students must understand with examples, as they frequently appear in Sanskrit literature and exam questions.
NCERT Class 10 Sanskrit – Vyakaranavithi Chapter 3 PDF Download
Students can download the official NCERT Class 10 Sanskrit Vyakaranavithi Chapter 3 PDF सन्धि (Sandhi) directly from here.
