NCERT Class 12 Geography (Practical Work in Geography) Chapter 3: Graphical Representation of Data PDF Explained

Class 12 Geography Practical Chapter 3 is all about how to represent data using different types of graphs and diagrams. This chapter teaches us how to convert numerical or tabulated data into visuals like bar graphs, pie charts, line graphs, and more. These visuals make it easier to understand trends, compare data, and present information in a neat and attractive way. In exams and project work, graphical representation is a scoring area if done correctly with proper labelling and neatness.

I wanted to write about this chapter because I’ve seen many students getting confused between which graph to use where. Often, students lose marks in practical exams not because they don’t know the data, but because they don’t present it well. This chapter is important not only for school exams but also for higher studies where data handling becomes more technical. Knowing how to represent data visually is a useful life skill as well. That’s why I thought I should explain the key parts of this chapter in simple terms and also give you the direct link to the NCERT PDF so you can revise it anytime.

What is Graphical Representation of Data?

Graphical representation means showing data using visuals instead of just numbers and words. It helps in making complex data easier to understand. In Geography, we often deal with huge sets of information like rainfall, population, crop production etc., and showing all of that in tables becomes boring and confusing. That’s why graphs and diagrams are used.

Different types of graphs suit different types of data. For example, time series data like temperature over a year can be shown using line graphs, while comparisons between states can be shown using bar graphs or pie charts.

Types of Graphical Representation Covered in This Chapter

The chapter covers many methods. Here’s a simple breakdown of the important types:

1. Bar Diagrams

Bar diagrams are used to compare data across categories.

Simple Bar Diagram: Used for one variable
Multiple Bar Diagram: For comparing two or more variables
Compound Bar Diagram: Shows sub-divisions within a bar

Example: Comparing literacy rate of males and females in different states

2. Line Graphs

Line graphs are useful for showing changes over time. They are drawn by joining plotted points using lines.

Example: Temperature of Delhi from January to December

3. Pie Charts

Pie charts show percentage distribution. A circle is divided into sectors where each angle represents a part of the total.

Example: Sector-wise contribution to India’s GDP

4. Climograph

This is a special graph that combines bar and line graphs. It shows both rainfall and temperature for each month.

Bars represent rainfall
Line graph shows temperature

5. Hythergraph

This graph also shows the relationship between temperature and rainfall but in a slightly different way. Here both values are plotted as points on a graph and connected.

6. Wind Rose

Used to show wind direction and frequency at a place over time. It’s drawn in a circular format, like a compass.

7. Histogram

It looks like a bar graph but is used for continuous data like frequency distributions. There are no gaps between the bars.

8. Frequency Polygon

This is drawn by joining the midpoints of histogram bars, useful in statistical representation.

Download PDF: NCERT Class 12 Geography Chapter 3

You can download the official PDF of Chapter 3 – Graphical Representation of Data directly from here:

NCERT Class 12 Geography (Practical Work in Geography) Chapter 3: Graphical Representation of Data

NCERT Class 10 Math Chapter 14: प्रायिकता PDF Download

NCERT Class 10 Math Chapter 14 प्रायिकता (Probability) introduces students to the concept of chance and likelihood of events. In this chapter, students learn how to calculate the probability of simple events using the formula P(E) = Number of favourable outcomes ÷ Total number of outcomes. The chapter deals with real-life examples like tossing a

NCERT Class 10 Math Chapter 14 प्रायिकता (Probability) introduces students to the concept of chance and likelihood of events. In this chapter, students learn how to calculate the probability of simple events using the formula P(E) = Number of favourable outcomes ÷ Total number of outcomes. The chapter deals with real-life examples like tossing a coin, rolling a dice, or drawing cards, which makes the subject more interesting and practical. Since probability questions are common in board exams and are generally considered easy, this chapter is highly important for scoring well.

I am writing about this topic because probability is not only an important part of the Class 10 syllabus but also a concept that students will use in higher studies and real life. From predicting weather conditions to calculating risks in business, probability plays a key role. Many students initially find it confusing, but NCERT presents it in a simple and easy-to-understand manner. By practising from the NCERT book, students can build a strong foundation and develop confidence in solving probability problems. Having the PDF makes it easier for learners to access the chapter anytime, revise formulas, and attempt practice questions before exams.