The fourth chapter of NCERT Class 10 Sanskrit Vyakaranavithi is titled ‘Shabda Roop – Samanya Parichay’ (सब्दरूप – सामान्य परिचय). This chapter introduces students to one of the most essential parts of Sanskrit grammar — Shabda Roopas or word forms. Every Sanskrit learner must understand how words change according to gender, number, and case. The chapter gives a clear explanation of noun and pronoun declensions through various examples and tables. Students can download the official NCERT Class 10 Sanskrit Chapter 4 PDF from the NCERT website and use it for thorough study and revision.
I’m writing about this topic because Shabda Roopas form the base of sentence construction in Sanskrit. Without knowing them, it’s difficult to translate or understand even the simplest Sanskrit sentences. Many students find it hard to memorise the forms, but once you understand the pattern, it becomes logical and easy. This article is meant to simplify the chapter and help Class 10 students and teachers access the correct NCERT material for focused learning.
About NCERT Class 10 Sanskrit Vyakaranavithi
The Vyakaranavithi book published by NCERT focuses entirely on Sanskrit grammar for Class 10. It is designed to help students build a strong foundation in grammar rules and practical application. After learning about Varna Vichar, Sangya Evam Paribhasha, and Sandhi, this fourth chapter — Shabda Roop Samanya Parichay — explains how words behave when they change form.
This understanding is crucial for reading Sanskrit prose and poetry, writing answers correctly, and forming sentences with proper grammatical accuracy.
What is Shabda Roop in Sanskrit?
The term Shabda Roop means “word form” or “declension.” In Sanskrit, nouns, pronouns, and adjectives change their form depending on three main grammatical factors:
- Linga (Gender) – Masculine, Feminine, Neuter
- Vachana (Number) – Singular, Dual, Plural
- Vibhakti (Case) – There are 8 cases (like Nominative, Accusative, etc.)
Each noun or pronoun follows a fixed pattern when it changes according to these factors. Learning Shabda Roopas helps you understand how words connect in a sentence.
Example of Shabda Roop – राम (Rama)
| Vibhakti | Singular | Dual | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|
| Prathama (Nominative) | रामः | रामौ | रामाः |
| Dvitiya (Accusative) | रामम् | रामौ | रामान् |
| Tritiya (Instrumental) | रामेण | रामाभ्याम् | रामैः |
Such tables are explained clearly in this chapter, helping students learn the pattern for masculine, feminine, and neuter words.
NCERT Class 10 Sanskrit – Vyakaranavithi Chapter 4 PDF Download
The official NCERT Class 10 Sanskrit Chapter 4 PDF सब्दरूप – सामान्य परिचय is available here.
