The fifth chapter of NCERT Class 10 Sanskrit Vyakaranavithi is titled ‘Dhatu Roop – Samanya Parichay’ (धातुरूप – सामान्य परिचय). This chapter is a key part of Sanskrit grammar, focusing on Dhatus — the verbal roots that form the foundation of almost every Sanskrit word. Just as Shabda Roop deals with noun forms, Dhatu Roop teaches how verbs change according to tense, person, and number. Students can now easily download the NCERT Class 10 Sanskrit Chapter 5 PDF to study the full list of Dhatu Roopas and practice for exams.
I’m writing about this topic because Dhatu Roop is one of the most practical and scoring chapters in Sanskrit grammar. Many students find it confusing at first, but once they understand the basic structure, it becomes one of the easiest topics to master. Every Sanskrit verb originates from a Dhatu, so learning these roots helps students recognise meanings, form sentences, and translate texts correctly. This article explains the chapter in simple language and provides direct instructions to download the official NCERT PDF for structured learning.
About NCERT Class 10 Sanskrit Vyakaranavithi
The Vyakaranavithi book by NCERT is designed to help Class 10 students understand the logic and beauty of Sanskrit grammar step by step. After learning about Varna Vichar, Sangya, Sandhi, and Shabda Roop, the fifth chapter introduces Dhatu Roopas, which are essential for forming verbs.
Every Dhatu or root word in Sanskrit carries a basic meaning. For example, the root “पठ्” means “to read”, “गम्” means “to go”, and “भू” means “to be” or “to become.” By applying different suffixes or endings, these roots transform into various verb forms like pathati (he reads), gacchati (he goes), bhavati (he becomes).
What is Dhatu Roop?
The term Dhatu Roop refers to the different forms a verb root (Dhatu) takes based on tense (Kaal), person (Purusha), and number (Vachana).
Each Dhatu has three main persons (Purushas):
- Pratham Purusha – He/She/They
- Madhyam Purusha – You
- Uttam Purusha – I/We
And each person has three numbers (Vachanas):
- Ekavachan (Singular)
- Dvivachan (Dual)
- Bahuvachan (Plural)
Example – पठ् (Path) Dhatu (To Read)
| Purusha | Singular | Dual | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|
| Pratham (He/She/They) | पठति | पठतः | पठन्ति |
| Madhyam (You) | पठसि | पठथः | पठथ |
| Uttam (I/We) | पठामि | पठावः | पठामः |
This table is one of the simplest examples from Lakaras (verb tenses) taught in this chapter.
NCERT Class 10 Sanskrit – Vyakaranavithi Chapter 5 PDF Download
Students can download the official NCERT Class 10 Sanskrit Vyakaranavithi Chapter 5 PDF धातुरूप – सामान्य परिचय free of cost from here.
