NCERT Class 10 Science Chapter 9 Light – Reflection and Refraction PDF Download

Chapter 9 of Class 10 Science, titled Light – Reflection and Refraction, introduces the core physics concepts behind how light behaves when it encounters different surfaces and mediums. This chapter explains how mirrors and lenses work, covers the laws of reflection and refraction, and shows how to draw ray diagrams. Understanding these basics is crucial for solving numerical problems and real-life applications like how spectacles, cameras, or car mirrors function.

I’m writing this article because this chapter was one of the trickiest when I studied Class 10 Science. Many students struggle with drawing ray diagrams correctly and applying formulas like the mirror and lens equations. That’s why having the official NCERT PDF of Chapter 9 is useful. It’s designed with simple explanations, neat diagrams, and standard questions that often appear in board exams. This chapter is also a building block for Physics in higher classes, especially for students planning to take science in Class 11. So whether you’re revising before exams or just trying to grasp the basic principles of light, this PDF is worth keeping handy.

What You Will Learn in Chapter 9: Light – Reflection and Refraction

Laws of Reflection of Light

Incident ray, reflected ray and normal
Angle of incidence = angle of reflection
Characteristics of images formed by plane mirrors

Spherical Mirrors

Types: Concave and Convex mirrors
Uses in daily life (e.g. shaving mirrors, rear-view mirrors)
Key terms: Pole, centre of curvature, principal axis, focus, radius of curvature
Ray diagrams for image formation using spherical mirrors
Mirror formula:
1f=1v+1u\frac{1}{f} = \frac{1}{v} + \frac{1}{u}f1=v1+u1
Sign convention and solving numerical problems

Refraction of Light

What happens when light travels from one medium to another
Rules of refraction
Refractive index and Snell’s law
n=sin⁡isin⁡rn = \frac{\sin i}{\sin r}n=sinrsini
Real-life examples like a coin appearing raised in water

Lenses and Image Formation

Convex and concave lenses
Focal length, optical centre, and principal axis
Ray diagrams for convex and concave lenses
Lens formula:
1f=1v−1u\frac{1}{f} = \frac{1}{v} – \frac{1}{u}f1=v1−u1
Power of a lens and its unit (dioptre)

This chapter also includes plenty of solved examples and exercises at the end to help you practise.

Download PDF

Click here to download NCERT Class 10 Science Chapter 9: Light – Reflection and Refraction PDF

NCERT Class 11 History Chapter 5 PDF (Hindi): बदलती हुई सांस्कृतिक परम्परायें

Chapter 5 of Class 11 History (Hindi Medium), बदलती हुई सांस्कृतिक परम्परायें, takes us into the heart of European cultural transformation between the 14th and 17th centuries. This period, known as the Renaissance, witnessed a powerful shift in thought, art, literature, and scientific understanding. Artists painted with new techniques, scholars questioned long-held ideas, and scientists began to explore the world through observation rather than blind belief. This chapter explains how Europe moved from a religiously dominated worldview to one that encouraged reason, individuality, and creativity.

This chapter helps learners understand how artists like Leonardo da Vinci and Michelangelo changed the way humans see themselves, how printing brought knowledge to common people, and how thinkers like Galileo challenged the old scientific mindset. These changes did not happen overnight but through steady cultural shifts, debates, and discoveries. Understanding this chapter helps students appreciate the power of ideas and how cultural transformation can shape entire civilizations.

About Chapter 5: बदलती हुई सांस्कृतिक परम्परायें

This chapter focuses on Europe’s cultural rebirth, mainly between the 14th and 17th centuries, covering topics like art, literature, religion, and scientific thinking.

Beginning of Renaissance

The Renaissance began in northern Italian cities such as Florence, Venice, and Milan. These cities were centres of trade and wealth, which supported artists, scholars, and new ideas.

Key features of early Renaissance thought: