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NCERT Class 12 Geography (Practical Work in Geography) Chapter 1: Data – Its Source and Compilation PDF Explained

In the Practical Work in Geography textbook for Class 12, Chapter 1 is titled “Data – Its Source and Compilation”. This chapter introduces students to the basic concept of data in geography, how it is collected, and how it is organised for analysis. It explains the difference between primary and secondary data, and how surveys,

NCERT Class 12 Geography (Practical Work in Geography) Chapter 1: Data – Its Source and Compilation

In the Practical Work in Geography textbook for Class 12, Chapter 1 is titled “Data – Its Source and Compilation”. This chapter introduces students to the basic concept of data in geography, how it is collected, and how it is organised for analysis. It explains the difference between primary and secondary data, and how surveys, censuses, reports, and online sources play a role in building geographic knowledge. This chapter forms the foundation for practical work like data analysis, mapping, and presentation. Without understanding how data is collected and compiled, students won’t be able to move forward with meaningful interpretation.

I’m writing about this chapter because it’s often overlooked. Students think practical books are easy, but many struggle when it comes to real exam questions or project work. Knowing about sources of data and how to compile it properly is not just for CBSE exams—this knowledge is helpful in real-life studies, surveys, and even research work. Whether you are preparing field reports, doing a school project, or learning how government agencies like Census of India or IMD collect data, this chapter is key. That’s why I’m breaking it down here in simple terms, and also giving the official NCERT PDF link at the end of this post.

What is Data in Geography?

Data in geography refers to any type of information that helps us understand geographical facts or patterns. It can be numbers, facts, figures, or observations that tell us about population, land use, climate, crops, pollution levels, etc. In simple words, data is the base of all geographical analysis.

There are two main types of data:

  • Primary Data – Collected directly by the person or organisation through fieldwork, surveys, interviews, questionnaires, etc.
  • Secondary Data – Already collected by someone else and available in published form, like reports, newspapers, websites, books, and government databases.

Understanding the source of data is very important. If you know where the data comes from, you can judge its reliability, accuracy, and usefulness.

Sources of Data

1. Primary Sources

These are original and collected directly from the field.

  • Observation (like noting cloud cover, temperature)
  • Interviewing people
  • Using questionnaires
  • Field surveys
  • GPS-based data collection

For example, if you visit a village and collect rainfall data from farmers, that is primary data.

2. Secondary Sources

These are second-hand and already available in written or digital form.

  • Census of India
  • Statistical Abstracts
  • Reports from Planning Commission or NITI Aayog
  • Weather reports by IMD
  • Satellite images
  • Books and journals

A common example of secondary data is downloading population statistics from the Census website.

Download PDF: NCERT Class 12 Practical Geography Chapter 1

NCERT Class 12 Geography (Practical Work in Geography) Chapter 1: Data – Its Source and Compilation

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NCERT Class 12 English Flamingo Chapter 3: Deep Water PDF Summary & Download Link

Deep Water by William Douglas is the third chapter in the Class 12 English Flamingo book. It is an autobiographical piece where the author talks about his fear of water and how he overcame it. This is not just a story about swimming, but about fear, courage, determination, and personal growth. Douglas takes us through

NCERT Class 12 English Flamingo Chapter 3: Deep Water

Deep Water by William Douglas is the third chapter in the Class 12 English Flamingo book. It is an autobiographical piece where the author talks about his fear of water and how he overcame it. This is not just a story about swimming, but about fear, courage, determination, and personal growth. Douglas takes us through a terrifying experience from his childhood and shows us how he faced the same fear again and again till he conquered it completely.

I decided to write about Deep Water because it’s not just useful for students to score in their board exams, but it also gives a strong life lesson. Many students—like me—face some form of fear, whether it’s stage fright, fear of exams, or even fear of failure. This chapter teaches that fear is natural, but it should not control our life. I personally feel this story helps students relate to their own struggles and motivates them to keep trying. It’s a reminder that real strength is not about being fearless, but about fighting the fear till it goes away. That’s why I think this chapter deserves to be discussed in detail.

Summary of Deep Water

Deep Water is a first-person account written by William Douglas, a former judge of the US Supreme Court. The story is a reflection on an incident that happened in his childhood and how it shaped his confidence and mindset later in life.

Main Points:

  • The Beginning of Fear:
    Douglas was afraid of water from the age of three when he was knocked over by waves at a beach in California. That memory stayed with him.
  • A Worse Incident:
    When he was ten or eleven, he went to a swimming pool at YMCA in Yakima. One day, a big boy picked him up and threw him into the deep end of the pool for fun. Douglas sank like a stone and thought he was going to die. He tried to come up but failed. That moment left a deep scar in his mind.
  • Struggling with Fear:
    After that, he avoided water completely. Even though he loved fishing and other outdoor activities, his fear of drowning stopped him.
  • Overcoming the Fear:
    Later, Douglas hired a swimming instructor. The instructor taught him each part of swimming slowly—from floating to breathing to kicking. Over several months, Douglas learned to swim again.
  • Final Victory:
    Even after learning to swim, he tested himself alone in lakes and rivers to be sure that the fear was really gone. He realised that once fear is faced and challenged, it disappears.

Themes and Life Lessons

The chapter is much more than a childhood story. Here are the main lessons and messages from Deep Water:

  • Face Your Fears:
    Fear grows when we avoid it. But once we decide to face it, we become stronger than the fear itself.
  • Courage is a Process:
    Douglas didn’t become brave overnight. It took time, effort, and patience.
  • Mental Strength:
    The story shows how mental training is just as important as physical training.
  • Personal Growth:
    The author not only learned swimming but also grew as a person. This incident gave him the courage to face bigger challenges in life.

Character Sketch of William Douglas

Character TraitDescription
FearfulAs a child, he was deeply scared of water due to a bad experience.
DeterminedInstead of living with fear, he chose to fight it.
HonestHe openly shares his fear and how it affected him.
InspiringHis story motivates readers to fight their own fears and never give up.

Exam Preparation Tips for Deep Water

Here are some common question types based on this chapter:

Question TypeExamples
Short AnswerWhat made Douglas fear water at first?
Long AnswerHow did Douglas overcome his fear of water? What did he learn from the experience?
Value-BasedWhy is the story called “Deep Water”? What does it symbolise?
Extract-Based“The instructor was finished. But I was not finished.” – Explain this line.

Tip: Try to connect the answers to real-life situations. Use keywords like fear, courage, practice, transformation when writing long answers.

Download PDF – NCERT Class 12 Flamingo Chapter 3

To read the full chapter Deep Water, you can download the official PDF from this website. It’s free and safe to use for all students.

NCERT Class 12 English Flamingo Chapter 3: Deep Water

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