Chapter 7 of NCERT Class 12 Political Science Part 1 is titled Globalisation. This chapter discusses how globalisation affects our economy, politics, and daily lives. It helps students understand the changes that have come in the world due to increased connectivity between countries—through trade, communication, and culture. It also explains the different viewpoints on globalisation, both in favour and against, and looks at its political implications.
I chose to write on this topic because globalisation is something that we all experience—whether we realise it or not. From watching international shows on Netflix to using foreign-made phones, globalisation is part of our daily life. But along with these changes come important debates. Is globalisation helping developing countries like India? Or is it increasing inequality and killing local businesses? As a student, understanding these issues is crucial not just for exams, but also to become more informed and responsible citizens. Chapter 7 explains these questions in simple words and real-world examples, which makes it very relevant for young minds today.
What the Chapter Covers
The chapter explains globalisation as a multi-dimensional process. It’s not just about economics—it includes politics, culture, technology, and even food and entertainment. It shows how globalisation affects jobs, policies, and local cultures.
Key Points in the Chapter:
| Topic | Explanation |
|---|---|
| Economic Globalisation | Free movement of goods, services, capital and technology across borders |
| Cultural Globalisation | Spread of cultural ideas like food, films, fashion, and language |
| Political Globalisation | Global rules, international organisations, and treaties shaping national decisions |
| Resistance to Globalisation | Protests, local movements, and critics who argue that globalisation increases inequality |
| Role of International Organisations | WTO, IMF, World Bank influencing how countries run their economy |
Pros and Cons of Globalisation
The chapter highlights how globalisation has both benefits and drawbacks. Here’s a quick look:
Benefits:
- Cheaper and better products due to global competition
- New job opportunities in sectors like IT and services
- Faster flow of technology and innovation
- Cultural exchange and awareness
Drawbacks:
- Small industries and local farmers often lose out
- Increased gap between rich and poor
- Cultural erosion and loss of local identity
- Countries becoming too dependent on foreign powers
India’s Experience with Globalisation
India opened up its economy in 1991, introducing liberalisation, privatisation, and globalisation (LPG reforms). Since then:
- India’s GDP has increased
- Cities like Bengaluru became IT hubs
- Many global brands came to India (like Amazon, McDonald’s, etc.)
But it also brought challenges:
- Farmers faced rising input costs and market instability
- Public sector jobs reduced
- Economic decisions are often influenced by global financial trends
The chapter also discusses how India is trying to balance global trade with protecting its local industries through initiatives like Make in India and Atmanirbhar Bharat.
Download PDF: NCERT Class 12 Political Science Part 1 Chapter 7 – Globalisation
To read or download the full PDF of Chapter 7 from here, follow the link below:
NCERT Class 12 Political Science Part 1 Chapter 7 – Globalisation
