Globalisation has reshaped economies, cultures, and societies across the world, and this chapter from the NCERT Class 12 Sociology book explains its social impact in detail. Chapter 6, Globalisation and Social Change, explores how technology, trade, migration, and communication have interconnected different regions, influencing lifestyles, employment, and cultural exchanges. The chapter also analyses both the positive and negative outcomes of globalisation, giving students a balanced view of this complex process.
I decided to write about this topic because globalisation is something we all experience every day, whether we realise it or not. From the food we eat to the jobs we apply for, from the music we listen to on streaming platforms to the clothes we buy, globalisation has quietly become part of our daily life. For students, especially those preparing for exams, understanding the concept is important because it connects sociology with real-world issues like economic inequality, cultural diversity, and social movements. By studying this chapter, students can better understand how local and global events influence each other, and why policies and decisions made in one part of the world can affect people in another. This knowledge is essential not just for exams but for becoming an informed citizen.
Overview of NCERT Class 12 Sociology Part 2 Chapter 6
This chapter focuses on the meaning of globalisation and how it affects different sectors of society. Some key topics covered are:
- Definition and nature of globalisation – Understanding the concept beyond just economic integration
- Historical background – How trade, colonisation, and industrialisation contributed to global interconnection
- Economic changes – The rise of multinational corporations, outsourcing, and the global job market
- Cultural impacts – Exchange of ideas, music, fashion, and lifestyles across borders
- Social challenges – Inequality, loss of local cultures, and environmental concerns
- Resistance and adaptation – How communities respond to and influence globalisation
The chapter uses examples from India and other countries to explain how globalisation brings both opportunities and risks. For example, while Indian IT companies benefit from global outsourcing, traditional craftsmen might lose work due to cheaper mass-produced imports.
Why This Chapter Matters for Students
Studying this chapter helps students:
- Link sociology concepts with current affairs
- Develop a critical approach towards economic and cultural changes
- Understand global and local interdependence
- Prepare for competitive exams like UPSC, where globalisation is a common topic in sociology and general studies papers
Download PDF
Students who want to read Globalisation and Social Change directly from the NCERT Class 12 Sociology Part 2 book can access the official PDF for free from the NCERT website:
NCERT Class 12 Sociology Part 2 Chapter 6: Globalisation and Social Change
