NCERT Class 11 Political Science Part 1 Chapter 6 PDF (Hindi): नागरिकता

Chapter 6 of Class 11 Political Science Part 1 (Hindi Medium), titled नागरिकता, explains what it means to be a citizen in a modern democratic society. This chapter looks at citizenship not just as a legal status, but as a relationship between individuals and the state. It discusses who can be called a citizen, what rights and duties citizens have, and how citizenship gives people a sense of belonging and political identity. The chapter also touches upon ideas like equality before law, participation in public life, and respect for diversity within a nation.

Many students know they are citizens of a country, but they may not fully understand what that actually involves. This chapter helps clarify why citizenship is more than holding an identity card or passport. It explains how citizens contribute to democracy through voting, debate, and civic responsibility. In today’s world, where questions of migration, identity, and rights are regularly discussed, understanding citizenship becomes even more important. This chapter gives students the tools to think clearly about inclusion, equality, and democratic participation in a diverse society like India.

About Chapter 6: नागरिकता

This chapter explores the meaning, importance, and challenges of citizenship in both national and global contexts.

What Is Citizenship?

Citizenship refers to the legal and political membership of a person in a state. It gives individuals certain rights and places certain responsibilities on them.

Citizenship includes:

Legal recognition by the state
Political rights such as voting
Equal treatment under law
Sense of belonging to a nation

Rights and Duties of Citizens

The chapter explains that citizenship is a balance between rights and duties.

Rights of Citizens	Duties of Citizens
Right to vote	Obey the law
Freedom of expression	Respect others’ rights
Equality before law	Participate responsibly in public life
Protection by the state	Promote harmony and unity

Both sides are equally important for a healthy democracy.

Universal and Equal Citizenship

Modern democracies follow the idea of universal citizenship, where all adults are considered equal citizens regardless of caste, religion, gender, or wealth. The chapter highlights that earlier societies often excluded women, workers, or minorities, but democratic struggles helped expand citizenship rights over time.

Citizenship and Diversity

In a country with many cultures, languages, and religions, citizenship plays a key role in holding society together. The chapter explains how democratic citizenship respects diversity while ensuring equal rights for all. It also discusses the challenges of managing differences without discrimination or exclusion.

Global Citizenship and Migration

The chapter briefly introduces the idea that globalisation and migration have raised new questions about citizenship. People often live and work outside their country of birth, which creates debates around rights, identity, and belonging.

NCERT Class 11 Political Science Chapter 6 PDF Download (Hindi Medium)

Students can download the official NCERT PDF by following these steps:

Visit the official NCERT website
Click on E-Books
Select Class 11
Choose Political Science
Open Political Theory – Part 1 (Hindi Medium)
Click on Chapter 6: नागरिकता
Download the PDF for study and revision

Always use the official NCERT source to ensure accurate and updated content.

NCERT Class 11 Political Science Chapter 5 PDF (Hindi): अधिकार

Chapter 5 of Class 11 Political Science Part 1 (Hindi Medium), titled अधिकार, deals with the idea of rights and why they are essential for a free and dignified life. This chapter explains what rights mean, how they differ from privileges, and why societies create laws to protect them. It also introduces students to different kinds of rights such as civil, political, and social rights, using simple explanations and everyday examples.

I am writing about this chapter because the word “rights” is often used in daily conversations, protests, debates, and even social media arguments, but many students do not clearly understand what counts as a right and what does not. Knowing this difference is important, especially in a democracy like India. This chapter helps students understand that rights are not just demands but legally and morally justified claims. It also explains why rights must be balanced with duties and responsibilities. For students preparing for board exams or competitive exams, this chapter builds a strong foundation for topics related to the Constitution, democracy, and citizenship.

What Are Rights?

Rights are justified claims that individuals can make on society and the state. They allow people to live with freedom, security, and self-respect. The chapter clearly explains that rights are not unlimited freedoms. They exist within a legal and moral framework so that one person’s freedom does not harm another.

Rights are important because they:

Protect individual freedom
Ensure equality before law
Prevent misuse of power
Help people participate in public life

Types of Rights Explained in the Chapter

The chapter talks about different categories of rights that are recognised in democratic societies.

Major Types of Rights

Type of Right	What It Includes
Civil Rights	Right to life, freedom of speech, equality before law
Political Rights	Right to vote, contest elections, form political groups
Social Rights	Right to education, health, and basic welfare
Economic Rights	Right to work, fair wages, and livelihood

These rights together ensure that freedom is not limited to paper but works in real life.

Legal Rights and Moral Rights

The chapter makes an important distinction between legal and moral rights. Legal rights are protected by law and can be enforced in courts. Moral rights are based on ethical values and social expectations, even if they are not written in law.

For example, the right to free speech is a legal right, while treating others with dignity is a moral responsibility. Both are necessary for a healthy society.

Rights and Responsibilities Go Together

One of the strongest messages in this chapter is that rights cannot exist without responsibilities. If citizens enjoy freedom of expression, they must also avoid spreading hatred or false information. If people demand equality, they must also respect others’ rights.

This balance is what keeps a democracy stable and fair.

Why Rights Are Crucial in a Democracy

In a democracy, citizens are not subjects; they are active participants. Rights allow people to question the government, demand accountability, and express opinions without fear. The chapter explains that without rights, democracy would lose its meaning and power would remain concentrated in a few hands.