NCERT Class 12 Business Studies Chapter 2: Principles of Management PDF Explained with Examples

Chapter 2 of Class 12 Business Studies, titled Principles of Management, focuses on the core rules and guidelines that help managers take better decisions and run businesses efficiently. This chapter explains the meaning and importance of management principles and then goes into detail about two major sets of principles—Fayol’s Principles of Management and Taylor’s Scientific

Chapter 2 of Class 12 Business Studies, titled Principles of Management, focuses on the core rules and guidelines that help managers take better decisions and run businesses efficiently. This chapter explains the meaning and importance of management principles and then goes into detail about two major sets of principles—Fayol’s Principles of Management and Taylor’s Scientific Management. These principles are useful not only in board exams but also in understanding how successful companies operate in the real world.

I’m writing about this topic because I have seen many students struggle with this chapter, thinking it is only about theory and mugging up points. But actually, this chapter is very practical. If we relate the principles with real-life business examples or even school activities, they become easy to understand and remember. Also, this chapter is frequently asked in the CBSE board exams, especially in case study questions. That’s why I believe it’s important to go beyond just reading the NCERT book and understand the meaning behind these principles. The goal is not just to score marks, but to actually grasp how good management works.

What are Principles of Management?

Management principles are broad guidelines based on experience and logic that help managers plan, organise and control business activities. These are not rigid laws like in science, but flexible suggestions that can be adapted depending on the situation.

Features of Management Principles

Universal: Applicable to all types of organisations
General Guidelines: Not strict rules, but suggestions
Formed by Practice and Experimentation
Flexible: Can be modified as per need
Behavioural: Focused on human behaviour
Aimed at Optimising Resources and Efficiency

Importance of Management Principles

Helps in achieving organisational goals
Improves efficiency and productivity
Ensures proper decision making
Helps in training and development of managers
Encourages research and innovation
Brings coordination in team efforts

Taylor’s Principles of Scientific Management

F.W. Taylor was known as the Father of Scientific Management. His principles were more focused on efficiency and cost reduction in industrial settings.

Key Principles:

Science, not Rule of Thumb
Harmony, not Discord
Cooperation, not Individualism
Development of Each Person to their Greatest Efficiency

Taylor’s Techniques:

Functional Foremanship: Different experts supervise different work
Standardisation and Simplification of Work
Motion Study: Finding the best way to do a job
Time Study: Setting time standards for tasks
Fatigue Study: Finding rest intervals for maximum productivity
Differential Piece Wage System: Higher pay for better performers

These techniques were used to reduce wastage, increase productivity and boost worker motivation in factories.

Download PDF – NCERT Class 12 Business Studies Chapter 2

You can download the complete PDF of Chapter 2 Principles of Management

NCERT Class 10 Math Chapter 14: प्रायिकता PDF Download

NCERT Class 10 Math Chapter 14 प्रायिकता (Probability) introduces students to the concept of chance and likelihood of events. In this chapter, students learn how to calculate the probability of simple events using the formula P(E) = Number of favourable outcomes ÷ Total number of outcomes. The chapter deals with real-life examples like tossing a

NCERT Class 10 Math Chapter 14 प्रायिकता (Probability) introduces students to the concept of chance and likelihood of events. In this chapter, students learn how to calculate the probability of simple events using the formula P(E) = Number of favourable outcomes ÷ Total number of outcomes. The chapter deals with real-life examples like tossing a coin, rolling a dice, or drawing cards, which makes the subject more interesting and practical. Since probability questions are common in board exams and are generally considered easy, this chapter is highly important for scoring well.

I am writing about this topic because probability is not only an important part of the Class 10 syllabus but also a concept that students will use in higher studies and real life. From predicting weather conditions to calculating risks in business, probability plays a key role. Many students initially find it confusing, but NCERT presents it in a simple and easy-to-understand manner. By practising from the NCERT book, students can build a strong foundation and develop confidence in solving probability problems. Having the PDF makes it easier for learners to access the chapter anytime, revise formulas, and attempt practice questions before exams.