NCERT Class 12 Geography (Practical Work in Geography) Chapter 2: Data Processing PDF Explained with Examples

Chapter 2 of the Class 12 Practical Geography book is all about Data Processing. Once data is collected and compiled, it must be processed to make it useful. This chapter explains different methods of classifying, tabulating and presenting data so that meaningful conclusions can be drawn from it. It also talks about the importance of

Chapter 2 of the Class 12 Practical Geography book is all about Data Processing. Once data is collected and compiled, it must be processed to make it useful. This chapter explains different methods of classifying, tabulating and presenting data so that meaningful conclusions can be drawn from it. It also talks about the importance of accuracy, consistency and systematic handling of geographical data. Whether you are preparing for a board exam or creating a project, this chapter helps you present your data in a logical and professional manner.

I chose to write about this chapter because many students find it difficult to shift from theory to actual practical work. While collecting data may look easy, processing it correctly is what makes the difference in marks and understanding. Knowing how to clean, organise, classify and present information is important not just for CBSE practical exams, but also for higher studies and fieldwork. Data processing is a skill that helps students in Geography, Economics, Sociology and many other fields. So I thought it’s important to explain this chapter in a clear and simple way and also share the direct NCERT PDF link so you can download and refer anytime.

What is Data Processing?

Data processing is the step that comes after data collection and compilation. It involves organising the data in a meaningful way so that it becomes easier to understand, compare, and analyse. This includes tasks like:

Classifying the data
Tabulating it into rows and columns
Calculating totals, averages, percentages etc.
Converting numbers into visual formats like graphs or diagrams

For example, if you’ve collected data on the population of five Indian cities, data processing would mean sorting the cities based on population size, calculating total population, and maybe drawing a bar graph to show comparisons.

Types of Classification

In Geography, data can be classified in different ways depending on the nature of the study. The main types are:

1. Qualitative Classification

This is based on attributes like gender, language, religion or type of crops. These are non-numerical values.

Example: Classifying areas based on soil type (Alluvial, Black, Red, etc.)

2. Quantitative Classification

This deals with numerical data and is divided into two categories:

Frequency Distribution – Shows how often a value occurs
Class Intervals – Groups data into intervals for better understanding

Example: Grouping temperature readings like 20–25°C, 25–30°C, etc.

Tabulation of Data

Tabulation is the process of arranging data in rows and columns. It makes the data readable and comparable. A good table must have:

Title
Headings for rows and columns
Units of measurement
Totals or summaries (if needed)

Download PDF: NCERT Class 12 Practical Geography Chapter 2

You can download the official NCERT PDF for Chapter 2 – Data Processing from here:

NCERT Class 12 Geography (Practical Work in Geography) Chapter 2: Data Processing

NCERT Class 10 Math Chapter 14: प्रायिकता PDF Download

NCERT Class 10 Math Chapter 14 प्रायिकता (Probability) introduces students to the concept of chance and likelihood of events. In this chapter, students learn how to calculate the probability of simple events using the formula P(E) = Number of favourable outcomes ÷ Total number of outcomes. The chapter deals with real-life examples like tossing a

NCERT Class 10 Math Chapter 14 प्रायिकता (Probability) introduces students to the concept of chance and likelihood of events. In this chapter, students learn how to calculate the probability of simple events using the formula P(E) = Number of favourable outcomes ÷ Total number of outcomes. The chapter deals with real-life examples like tossing a coin, rolling a dice, or drawing cards, which makes the subject more interesting and practical. Since probability questions are common in board exams and are generally considered easy, this chapter is highly important for scoring well.

I am writing about this topic because probability is not only an important part of the Class 10 syllabus but also a concept that students will use in higher studies and real life. From predicting weather conditions to calculating risks in business, probability plays a key role. Many students initially find it confusing, but NCERT presents it in a simple and easy-to-understand manner. By practising from the NCERT book, students can build a strong foundation and develop confidence in solving probability problems. Having the PDF makes it easier for learners to access the chapter anytime, revise formulas, and attempt practice questions before exams.